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The kinetics of the vacuum carbothermic reduction of hemimorphite was studied with CaF 2 as catalysis in the temperature range of 1273–1423 K. The results showed that the zinc reduction rate could be enhanced by increasing the adding weight of CaF 2 , initial moles ratio of C/Zn total or the reaction temperature. And the zinc reduction rate would decrease with the increasing...
High vacuum pressure measurements and calibrations below ≈1 × 10 −6 Torr are problematic. Specifically, measurement accuracies change drastically for vacuum gauges when pressures are suddenly lowered in vacuum systems. How can gauges perform like this? To answer this question, a brief system description is first required. Calibrations were performed using a vacuum calibration chamber with...
The role of internal stress on nitrogen diffusion in medical CoCr alloys during plasma assisted nitriding at low temperature is analyzed by stress assisted diffusion model. The nitrogen diffusion model is based on the concept of the interaction between the compositionally induced internal stress and interstitial nitrogen. From a theoretical point of view, this is mean that the driving force for nitrogen...
This paper presents the characterization of a very high frequency, differentially powered, capacitively coupled, multi-tile plasma source, MAMELUKE. Specifically, this work concentrates on the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of nano-crystalline silicon suitable for application in thin film solar manufacturing. The use of a differentially-fed multi-tile source has several benefits, but imposes...
The effects of plasma nitriding ion beam flux density and deposition time on structural and tribological properties of medical forged CoCrMo alloy were investigated. Plasma nitrided processes under pure nitrogen were conducted at various ion beam flux densities for 2, 4, 6 and 8 h. The active species included in the nitrogen plasma, phase compositions, microstructures and surface microhardness were...
To improve corrosion resistance and reduce mechanical properties loss of Mg–Ca–Bi alloy, nano-aluminium (Al) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) were prepared on a substrate of this alloy through physical vapour deposition (PVD) and dip coating techniques. The coating is composed of a thick outer interconnected pores PCL layer and a thin inner dense Al layer. The results showed that the compressive strength...
A high silicon gradient electrical steel sheet with Goss texture has been successfully prepared by a novel and simple process in this work. The FeSi alloy coating with high silicon concentration was firstly deposited on the surface of a common grain oriented electrical steel sheet substrate by cathodic arc plasma deposition technique and the coated sheet was then post-annealed at 850 °C for 6 h in...
Ultra-thin ZrB x O y films 5 nm in thickness were prepared by radio-frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering. The thermal stability and the barrier performance against the inter-diffusion between Cu and Si were studied via thermal annealing at different temperatures. The as-deposited amorphous ZrB x O y thin films could effectively block the inter-diffusion of Cu and Si...
In this report, the mass and energy spectra of ions in Ar/N 2 electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma at the microwave power of 100 W and the gas pressure of 1 Pa are investigated by a Hiden EQP analyzer, and also the plasma optical emission spectra are recorded by optical emission spectroscopy (OES). Singly charged Ar + and N 2+ as the dominant ions are detected. The...
In order to acquire good sensitive amorphous silicon film used for thermal-image infrared detector, different concentrations of titanium-doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon were prepared by magnetron sputtering. To assess how composition and structure affect their electrical characteristics, RBS (Rutherford Back Scattering), Raman, transmission spectrum and temperature dependence on conductivity...
Thin films of thallium based superconductors were prepared successfully using sputtering target fabricated as a mixture of barium fluoride, calcium fluoride and copper oxide. Such a target is stable, does not degrade and does not involve any special handling (vacuum or argon atmosphere storage). Precursor films sputtered from this target contained less than 5 at.% of fluorine so no fluorine content...
Low-temperature plasma was used to improve the surface and adhesive properties of wood. The pre-treatment of wood surfaces using radio-frequency (RF) discharge plasma is attractive for various wood applications, mainly because of the high efficiency and low production cost of the process. In addition, a significant increase in the polar component of the wood surface energy, which is associated with...
The dependence of laser-induced damage resistance of ZrO 2 films in vacuum on oxygen partial pressure has been studied. Results revealed that laser-induced damage resistance of ZrO 2 films in vacuum had a complicated dependent relationship with the oxygen partial pressure. And higher laser-induced damage threshold under the oxygen partial pressure of 1.0 × 10 −2 Pa was a result...
High density Cu(In 1-X Ga X )Se 2 (CIGS) quaternary ceramic targets were prepared by hot-pressing sintering from CIGS and Se mixed powders. Influences of Se contents and sintering temperatures on the densities, compositions, structures and morphologies of the CIGS targets were investigated. The results show that the structure of the targets after sintering was single chalcopyrite,...
The structural and electronic properties of a wurtzite InN (11–20) film on an orthorhombic LiGaO 2 (001) substrate were systematically studied by first-principle calculations. The In adsorption atoms are more favorable than the N atoms, the N–N dimer will be formed with increasing N coverage on LiGaO 2 (001) surface. The calculated surface grand potentials show the perfect O 2...
AlN chlorination route, in the present work, was proposed to extract Aluminum from aluminum nitride under vacuum. Density functional theory (DFT) were implemented to study the interaction of AlCl 3 molecule and AlN (101¯0) surface. The results of DFT indicate that chemisorbed AlCl 3 adsorption configuration was observed on the clean AlN (101¯0) surface after structure optimization,...
Two in-vacuum kicker magnets serve to inject and to extract the electron beams for the TPS injector. A large gas load generated from the outgassing of kicker ferrites (CMD5005) causes concern. To study the effect of vacuum firing in decreasing the outgassing from kicker ferrites, we set up a test bench to record spectra from a residual-gas analyzer (RGA) and measured the rates of outgassing during...
Large-area MoS 2 thin layers have been synthesized onto the SiO 2 /Si substrate by the thermolysis of (NH 4 ) 2 MoS 4 film. The structure and growth mechanism of MoS 2 thin layers have been investigated. The results reveal that MoO 3 can be easily formed during the growth process of MoS 2 film, which will dramatically degrade the quality...
We report the growth of undoped N-polar GaN with a high resistivity on c-plane Al 2 O 3 substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The polarity of N-polar GaN has been examined and verified using a wet etching method. It is found that the density of threading dislocations has a great influence on the resistivity of N-polar GaN. By optimizing the V/III ratio, N-polar GaN...
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